TEZA
: Orice specie de animale care se inmultesc sexuat prin indivizi de
sexe diferite masculi si femele apare in mod natural dintr-o pereche
initiala de gemeni homozigoti. Adam si Eva, prima pereche din specia
homo sapiens sapiens au fost gemeni homozigot.
THESIS: Any species
that breed sexually by individuals of different sexes males and
females occurs naturally in a pair of monozygotic
twinstwins . Adam and Eve first homo sapiens
sapiens pair were monozygotic twins.
Note
explicative se vor prezenta si in engleza sau franceza
Notes: will be presented also in English or French
a)
Ce este specia in cazul animalelor cu inmultire numai sexuata si cu
indivizi de sexe diferite adica de sex masculin si de sex feminin?
What
is the species for the animals of different sexes?
Premierement
Buffon (1749)
définit l'espèce comme un groupe d'animaux étant capables de se
reproduire entre eux.
Au
XXe siècle(1942) sans le citer, le biologiste américain, Ernst
Mayr dit
: une espèce est une population ou
un ensemble de populations dont les individus peuvent
effectivement ou potentiellement se reproduire entre
eux et engendrer une descendance viable
et féconde, dans des conditions naturelles. Ainsi, l'espèce est la
plus grande unité de population au sein de laquelle le
flux génétique est
possible et les individus d'une même espèce sont donc génétiquement
isolés d’autres ensembles équivalents du point de vue
reproductif.
Din
aceste doua definitii rezulta clar ca o pereche de animale ori este
intr-o specie ori nu este, exact cum si o femeie ori este insarcinata
ori nu este. – De ces deux définitions est clair qu'un couple se
trouvent dans une espèce animale ou non, exactement comme une femme
qui est enceinte ou non .
b) Si
atunci apare intrebarea : daca este clar ca in cadrul unei specii se
produc prin evolutia intraspecifica tot felul de modificari de
caractere rasiale, cum se produce acel salt brusc in care o pereche
nu mai este in aceiasi specie cu cei care i-au dat nastere.
Nu
stim inca, dar este evident ca un asemenea salt fiind ceva mult mai
extraordinar decat simpla evolutie intraspecifica fixata de rasele
speciei(vezi mai ales exemplul raselor animalelor domestice unde
selectia naturala este mult ajutata de om) nu poate apare in doua locuri
diferite simultan si in doua familii diferite. Este deci mai rational
sa credem ca o mutatie specifica(creatoare de o noua specie) apare
purtata de gemeni intr-o anume familie, gemeni care pentru a perpetua
noua specie trebuie sa fie de sexe diferite si sa comita incestul
reproducandu-se intre ei si vom vedea - lucru extraordinar - ca in
miturile popoarelor exista aceasta credinta despre care eu nu stiam atunci cand m-am gandit la mitul biblic despre crearea omului prin perechea
primordiala Adam si Eva.
Exista
doua tipuri de gemeni si anume: dizygotic si monozygotic(homozygotic)
In
continuare voi prezenta cateva date generale despre ce inseamna
aceste doua situatii dar in limba engleza asa cum este informatia
preluata si care astfel va fi inteleasa de mult mai multi cititori
fiind sigur ca nativii de limba romana vor intelege si textul englez.
Dizygotic
twins (often referred to as fraternal), are the result of two eggs
fertilized by two separate sperm. Although most women only release a
single egg in an ovulation cycle, sometimes multiples eggs are
released. Dizygotic twins share about 50% of their genetic traits,
the same as any other siblings born at different times.
The
correct term for identical twinning is monozygotic. Monozygotic
twins form from a single (mono) fertilized egg (zygote). The zygote
splits into two parts after conception, resulting in the development
of two individual embryos. Because the two embryos are the result of
a single egg/sperm combination, they have the same genetic origins.
They have the same DNA.
Monozygotic
twins are always the same gender.However, there have been a few
reported cases of a genetic mutation in monozygotic male twins. For
some reason, after the zygote splits, one twin loses a Y chromosome
and develops as a female.
Regarding
spontaneous or natural monozygotic
twinning, a recent theory proposes that monozygotic twins are formed
after ablastocyst essentially
collapses, splitting the progenitor cells (those that contain the
body's fundamental genetic material) in half, leaving the same
genetic material divided in two on opposite sides of the embryo.
Eventually, two separate fetuses develop. Spontaneous
division of the zygote into two embryos is not considered to be a
hereditary trait, but rather a spontaneous or random even.
Monozygotic
twins, although genetically very similar, are not genetically exactly
the same. The researchers studied 92 pairs of monozygotic twins, and
they were able to estimate that on average, a pair of monozygotic
twins will have about 360 genetic differences that occurred very
early in fetal development. These genetic differences that occur very
early in fetal development will be present in a very large proportion
of body cells. Such mutational differences can, in theory, occur at
any point during life, but those that occur at a later stage will be
present in a much smaller proportion of body cells.
There
are also half-identical or semi-identical
twins and
thus can be the same sex or opposite sexes. These
"half-identical twins" are hypothesized to occur when an
unfertilized egg cleaves into two identical attached ova and which
are viable for fertilization. Both cloned ova are then fertilized by
different sperm and the coalesced eggs undergo further cell
duplications developing as a chimeric blastomere.
If this blastomere then undergoes a twinning event, two embryos will
be formed, each of which have different paternal genes and identical
maternal genes.
Incest
between twins
While
in modern Western European culture such behaviour is
considered taboo and
is quite rare, incest between twins is a common feature in
Indo-European Asian (such as Japan, the Philippines, and Bali)
and Oceanian mytology
According
to Hindu mythology, Manu and Shraddha,
the first humans on earth, were fraternal twins.
According
to Tagalog mythology,
Malakas ("strong") and Maganda ("beautiful"), the
first humans on earth, were fraternal twins.
An
old Japanese myth says that if two star-crossed lovers commit dual
suicide, they are reincarnated as
fraternal twins.
Astfel
putem spune ca mitul biblic privind aparitia omului din Adam si Eva
cu facerea Evei din coasta lui Adam(precum o clona desi de sex opus)
trimite la interpretarea genetica, credem noi corecta, ca Adam si Eva
au fost gemeni (de fapt gemeni homozigoti), idee ce o gasim incriptata si in miturile multor populatii.
Ar
fi interesant de vazut daca si pentru rasa neagra din Africa
-leaganul prezumat al lui Homo sapiens- exista asemenea mituri.
PS.Putem presupune ca Adam si Eva au facut mai mult decat un salt de la o specie la alta ci absolut fantastic de la un regn-regnul animal- la un nou regn in interiorul caruia specia Homo sapiens sapiens evolueaza de atunci si anume regnul noetic , homo sapiens sapiens fiind o fiinta cu nous .
PS. We can assume that Adam and Eve did more than a jump from one species to another but absolutely fantastic from the animal kingdom in a new kingdom within which the species Homo sapiens sapiens evolves since then, namely noetic kingdom, homo sapiens sapiens having "nous".
UPDATE(30.12.2016)
Suntem
in masura, ca dupa ce la comentarii am mai publicat cele gasite in
cadrul acestei cercetari in vederea confirmarii sau infirmarii
ipotezei asumate de autor in cursul acestui studiu referitor la
confirmarea stiintifica a mitului biblic Adamic, ceea ce nu inseamna
ca noi consideram ca Biblia confirma o creatie divina, ci doar ca
este posibil ca in acel text sa fie incifrate niste cunostinte mai
vechi despre omenire.
Astfel
asteptam sa apara acele dovezi care sa contrazica ipotezele privind
aparitia si dezvoltarea specei noastre in paralel in diverse locuri
indepartate de pe glob si deasemeni unificarea datelor cand au trait
cei doi stramosi primordiali ai speciei respectiv Mt-Eva si Y-Adam si
ele au aparut.
Suntem
in masura sa afirmam ca dupa ce datele privind acesti stramosi se
deosebeau cu multe zeci de mii de ani, azi putem afirma(vezi
comentariul de mai jos din 29.12.2014)
ca
Homo sapiens sapiens a aparut in Etiopia din subspecia mai veche Homo
sapiens idaltu avand o vechime de 150000-160000 ani. Deasemeni acest
lucru restrange aria de speciatie pentru specia noastra la
Africa(Etiopia) zona in care s-au descopert in continuitate succesive
momente in evolutia omului respectiv a genului homo in ultimele
milioane de ani reprezentate prin fosilele descoperite, datate si
clasificate, fiind inlaturata ipoteza ca stramosii nostri directi au
putut rezulta din evolutia neanderthalienilor care astfel credem ca
au fost o specie diferita a genului homo.
In
continuare numai evolutia geneticii si lamurirea mai completa a ceea
ce se numeste speciatie va confirma sau infirma ipoteza noastra
Adamica.
Oricum
ceea ce noi credeam intro epoca in care lumea stiintifica credea
altfel, astazi s-a dovedit a fi asa cum credeam noi.
Adica
loc comun si data comuna pentru aparitia pe Terra a stramosilor
nostri masculini si feminini, care noi credem si asteptam sa se
dovedeasca ca au fost un unic Adam si o unica Eva din care ne tragem
toti pentruca oricum toate femeile de azi se trag din mtEva si toti
barbatii se trag din Y-Adam atunci de ce nu ar fi rational sa credem
ca acestia doi chiar au fost parintii celor de azi si eu cred ca si
ai speciei noastre homo sapiens sapiens si ca singura explicatie a
miraculoasei aparitii a unei astfel de mutatii genetice nu poate fi
decat ca este vorba despre Eva clona lui Adam ca geaman homozigot dar
si invers Adam ca geaman homozigot clona a Evei, asa cum sunt
gemenii homozigoti unul in raport de celalalt si ca deci ideea cu
« coasta » nu este decat o incriptare a acestui adevar la
nivelul stiintei din epoca scrierii textului biblic.
Vom
reveni pe masura ce genetica va aduce si alte probe.
UPDATE(30.12.2016)
Scientists
tracking evolution through changes in mitochondrial DNA, which is
passed from mother to daughter, have estimated that humans derive
their mitochrondrial genes from an ancestral mother nicknamed "Eve"
who lived in Africa about 150,000 years ago. Other scientists
studying the male Y chromosome have reached similar conclusions. The
new Herto fossils are from a population living at exactly this time.
"In
a sense, these genetic findings were impossible to seriously test
without a good fossil record from Africa," said White. "Back
in 1982, when Becky Cann and Allan Wilson of UC Berkeley were using
molecules to study evolution, they concluded that the common
ancestors of all modern humans lived in Africa 100,000 to 200,000
years ago. For the last 20 years we've been looking for good,
well-dated fossil evidence of that antiquity
While
these previous discoveries appear also to be Homo sapiens, the new
finds from Herto are older, well-dated and more complete without
sharing characteristics of more primitive human ancestors such as
Homo erectus or the neanderthals
When
considered with the evidence from other sites, this shows that modern
human morphology emerged in Africa long before the Neanderthals
vanished from Eurasia." Because of this, these finds have been
generally seen as a setback for the Multiregional model of human
evolution (which argues that modern humans evolved in geographically
widespread areas of the world) and strong support for the competing
Out Of Africa model (which argues that modern humans evolved in
Africa and spread out from there, displacing any preexisting
populations)